Shahid Beheshti UniversityInternational Journal of Research and Technology in Electrical Industry2821-01903120240401Design and Operation of Isolated Hybrid Energy System for Sensitive Loads with Consideration of Uncertainties in Resources and Demand24125010427610.48308/ijrtei.2024.104276ENMohammadKouhi DastgerdiDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, IranSalehRaziniDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran0000-0003-3926-6909ShahabKhormaliDepartment of International Research Projects (ERAdiate+), University of Žilina, Žilina, Slovakia0000-0002-3833-5362Journal Article20231117This paper focuses on the optimal design and operation of isolated hybrid energy system supplying sensitive loads, considering uncertainties in renewable resources and demand. The study uses Homer software to determine the optimal combinations of system components and their operation conditions. Renewable resources and load uncertainties are investigated in the form of multiple possible scenarios. The cost equilibrium index (CEI), as a decision making index, is proposed to compare the isolated hybrid energy system with grid development. It could facilitate deciding either develop the grid or create an isolated system based on local energy resources for remote loads. As a case study, design and operation of an isolated hybrid energy system are accomplished for a gas pressure-boosting station in Hamadan, Iran. The results show that the proposed system could supply sensitive loads with adequate reliability and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. According to CEI, the isolated system could be economical for loads 100km far from the grid. This study implies isolated hybrid energy system could improve passive defence considerations for sensitive load in contrast to cost of system. Also advancement of renewable technologies and restructuring the energy system would lead to promotion of hybrid isolated energy system in future.https://ijrtei.sbu.ac.ir/article_104276_c0aba7126301cb924d4e6359f7abc955.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityInternational Journal of Research and Technology in Electrical Industry2821-01903120240401Lyapunov-based Model Predictive Control of Nonlinear Quadruple Tank System Using Constrained and Unconstrained Methods25125910450510.48308/ijrtei.2024.234542.1038ENHosseinYektamoghaddamSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-4771-9122Seyed HamedJalalzad MahvizaniDepartment of Engineering, Sardar Jangal University, Rasht, Iran0009-0005-3064-0281AmirhosseinNikoofardFaculty of Electrical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Seyed-Khandan bridge, Shariati Ave., Tehran, Iran0000-0002-4628-5238Mohammad RezaSalehizadehIslamic Azad University- Marvdasht Branch, 3th kilometer of
Takhte Jamshid Blvd, P. O. Box: 73711-13119, Marvdasht, Iran0000-0002-1708-6862Journal Article20231221Model predictive control is a widely utilized advanced control technique in industrial settings, valued for its capacity to effectively manage complex multi-input multi-output processes while optimizing process performance. Lyapunov-based model predictive control of Nonlinear Systems is a method that incorporates the objective function as a suitable Lyapunov function, thereby ensuring stability of the nonlinear system. This study involves the modeling of a nonlinear system to the Lyapunov function and the analysis of a quadruple tank using nonlinear model predictive control and barrier function-based model predictive control algorithms. Additionally, a comparison is made between a PID controller and a well-established industrial controller to evaluate the performance of the nonlinear quadruple tank, with the findings indicating satisfactory results.https://ijrtei.sbu.ac.ir/article_104505_ad0f0810deac3c4521f64ab4ea8cf0ef.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityInternational Journal of Research and Technology in Electrical Industry2821-01903120240401Observer-based Event-Triggered Guaranteed Cost Leader-Following Consensus Control for Heterogeneous Uncertain Nonlinear Fractional-Order Multi-Agent Systems26027410450610.48308/ijrtei.2024.234610.1039ENMehdiAsaiyanFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran0009-0004-6550-782xMahdiPourgholiFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-9679-1067Journal Article20240107<span lang="EN-GB">Recently, the guaranteed cost consensus problem of multi-agent systems has attracted the attention of researchers. This paper tackles the challenge of event-triggered guaranteed cost leader-following consensus in heterogeneous uncertain nonlinear fractional-order multi-agent systems employing observers. The agents have different fractional-order dynamics coupled with uncertainties in their state, input, and output. To optimize communication resources, the paper introduces an event-triggered strategy, ensuring that updates to the control protocol occur only upon the satisfaction of the triggering condition. Leveraging this strategy and applying the fractional Lyapunov direct method, the problem is formulated. To obtain control and observer gains, a systematic approach algorithm is proposed using Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI), with corresponding criteria established to guarantee guaranteed cost consensus. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through a numerical simulation, with comprehensive results presented. This research not only addresses a complex problem in multi-agent systems but also contributes a practical and resource-efficient solution, showcasing its potential applicability in real-world scenarios.</span>https://ijrtei.sbu.ac.ir/article_104506_4f5f75b6be2e6f5dded8fedb229af363.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityInternational Journal of Research and Technology in Electrical Industry2821-01903120240505Measurement-based Static Load Modelling: Case Study for a Medium Voltage Distribution Feeder27528010461710.48308/ijrtei.2024.234803.1040ENShahramKarimiElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0002-6649-5646HamdiAbdiElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0002-7625-0036MansourMoradiDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Kermanshah, Iran0000-0001-7296-689XJournal Article20240213The precise electrical load model under various operating conditions plays a critical role for power system analysis. A suitable load model can reflect the real condition of power system operation. This paper investigates the measurement-based static load modelling for power system analysis. For this purpose, practical measurement data, including voltage active and reactive power consumption, are used to obtain an accurate static model that represents the behaviour of electrical loads. In this paper, a method based on curve fitting and practical measurement data is proposed to select the appropriate time interval for accurate determination of load model coefficients. The study shows that a medium voltage distribution feeder can be modelled as a static load by a ZIP model whose coefficients are determined during the transformer tap changing operation. The obtained results show that the proposed method can accurately model the feeder load with the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) during tap changes of about 0.22%, and 0.34% for active and reactive power, respectively. https://ijrtei.sbu.ac.ir/article_104617_65342b663ca2d32c67f7badf798db317.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityInternational Journal of Research and Technology in Electrical Industry2821-01903120240505Short-Term Load Forecasting Using a Two-Stage Kalman Filter based Method28128610470710.48308/ijrtei.2024.235219.1042ENMohammadKarkhaneOperation & Dispatching Department, Alborz Electric Power Distribution Company, Alborz, Iran0000-0001-9084-0414SadjaadOzgoliElectrical & Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Tarbiat
Modares University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240228In the smart grid era, Short-Term Load Forecasting (STLF) is the building block of a secure, reliable, and economical power system. Therefore, researchers have spent much time trying different methods to improve load forecasting accuracy. Despite the advances in the STLF area, load forecasting is still difficult. This difficulty comes from two facts: 1- The behavior of the electric load is complex and shows different levels of seasonality; 2- The electric load is strongly influenced by other external factors such as meteorological variables and calendar variables. To overcome these issues, in this paper, a two-stage Kalman filter-based method is used to enhance the accuracy of STLF. In the first stage of the proposed method, the Kalman filter and Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother are applied to the short windows of the past electric load series to obtain an initial prediction of the load series. To produce the final forecast, in the second stage, the initial prediction of the load series along with other calendar and meteorological variables are used to form a load forecasting model whose parameters are obtained based on another Kalman filter. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by performing a case study on the real dataset from a power utility in Iran, which shows the excellent performance of the proposed method with 1.98% mean absolute error.https://ijrtei.sbu.ac.ir/article_104707_f5264ee642b1b0769948bdb6159a721b.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityInternational Journal of Research and Technology in Electrical Industry2821-01903120240520Modeling Time-Delay in Consensus Control: A Review28729810470810.48308/ijrtei.2024.234427.1037ENSamanehBehjatDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, IranMohammad RezaSalehizadehDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran0000-0002-1708-6862GiulioLorenziniDipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Universita’ di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy0000-0002-5676-8575Journal Article20240120A multi-agent system (MAS) consists of spatially distributed agents that data exchanges between them through a communication network. A protocol among the agents to reach the consensus is designed by cooperative control technique. Generally, time-delay is a challenge of control systems. Specifically, the time-delay problem is receiving more attention in the cooperative control of MASs because of the more probable time-delay in data transmission among the agents. Time-delay reduces the control effectiveness by deteriorating stability and the performance of the control protocol. These drawbacks demand careful time-delay consideration in cooperative control of MASs. In this paper, we carry out a survey on the methods for mitigating time-delay impacts in cooperative control of MASs by reviewing about 100 papers. Time-delay can result from natural/unintentional causes such as limited communication bandwidth, packet dropout, or overhead in communicating and from cyber-attack/intentional causes that flood the communication network. Moreover, we classify the methods based on the location of occurrence and the type of delay. In the end, our perspective on the future research direction is presented.https://ijrtei.sbu.ac.ir/article_104708_fc562ee778347ab480f3b74146379ef8.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityInternational Journal of Research and Technology in Electrical Industry2821-01903120240612Finite Time Thrust Vector Tracker based on a New Smooth Second Order Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller29930810488310.48308/ijrtei.2024.235765.1046ENMohammadAsadiElectrical Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, IranVahidBehnamgolRenewable Energy Research Centre, Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAhmad RezaValiElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240220This paper introduces a novel adaptive second-order sliding mode algorithm for finite-time control of uncertain nonlinear systems. Traditional first-order sliding modes are hindered by chattering and dependence on the upper bound of uncertainty. Although adaptive sliding modes with dynamic gains remove the need for this upper bound, they still suffer from chattering and lack finite-time stability. The proposed algorithm incorporates an additional term in the control law, ensuring a smooth control signal, eliminating chattering, and achieving finite-time stability of the closed-loop system. This method is applied to a thrust vector-based flying object for pitch angle tracking amidst aerodynamic coefficient uncertainties and environmental disturbances. The performance of the proposed thrust vector system is demonstrated through computer simulations, comparing it with two other adaptive first-order and an adaptive super-twisting sliding mode methods. Simulation results show significant improvements in control performance, including reduced chattering and enhanced stability, underscoring the practical effectiveness of the proposed method.https://ijrtei.sbu.ac.ir/article_104883_056f70407cf7aa2ee6bd926dadd87e80.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityInternational Journal of Research and Technology in Electrical Industry2821-01903120240630Improved Power Transformer Incipient Fault Detection Using a New Gas Ratio and Decision Tree Algorithm based on Dissolved Gas Analysis30931610495010.48308/ijrtei.2024.236235.1051ENMiladShafiei AslFaculty of Electrical Engineering,
Shahid Abbaspour School of Eng., Shahid Beheshti University,
Tehran, Iran0009-0004-5589-0925FarhadHaghjooFaculty of Electrical Engineering,
Shahid Abbaspour School of Eng., Shahid Beheshti University,
Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5442-4878Journal Article20240309Power transformers are critical and costly components of power systems, necessitating effective fault detection methods to ensure their reliability and longevity. This paper introduces a new gas ratio (NGR) method utilizing a decision tree (DT) algorithm to detect incipient faults in transformers through dissolved gas analysis (DGA). By incorporating ten gas ratios, the proposed method enhances fault detection accuracy while maintaining simplicity and ease of use. The DT was developed and evaluated using a dataset from the Egyptian Electricity Holding Company, demonstrating superior performance compared to traditional methods. The results indicate that the NGR method significantly improves fault detection accuracy, especially in identifying partial discharge (PD) and high-temperature overheating (T3) faults. This approach offers a promising solution for practical transformer maintenance and fault diagnosis. This research highlights the potential of integrating advanced machine learning techniques with traditional DGA methods to improve fault detection accuracy, reduce maintenance costs, and enhance the reliability of power transformers.https://ijrtei.sbu.ac.ir/article_104950_d979b41f2f1a579fa186eef38c79da1b.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityInternational Journal of Research and Technology in Electrical Industry2821-01903120240525Peer-to-Peer Energy Exchange in Solar Photovoltaic Systems and Battery Energy Storage Systems By TLBO Algorithm31732610474410.48308/ijrtei.2024.235531.1044ENMostafaKazemi MostaghimDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, IranMohamadmahdiShahbaziDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran0000-0002-7685-936XJournal Article20240101This paper presents a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading model in micro-grids that considers distributed solar photovoltaic systems (SPVs) and battery energy storage systems (BESS) utilizing the TLBO Algorithm. It aims to minimize customer costs and increase profit by optimizing charging, purchasing, and selling decisions. For this purpose, two scenarios are studied. In the first scenario, the primary energy system includes SPVs, loads, and BESS to optimize the charge/discharge of the energy storage systems. In the second scenario, it is assumed that in addition to the SPVs, loads, and BESS, a neighbouring fossil fuel-fired micro-grid is connected to the primary energy systems, allowing peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading with it. According to the results, trading in the second scenarios on a winter day lead to 14.53 $ per day, compared to the first scenario with 11.53 $. In addition, the neighbouring fossil fuel-fired micro-grid in the second scenario, which has created the possibility of energy exchange between micro-grids, has led to an increase of about 21% in the profit of the primary power grid. Based on the results, this approach seemed to be helpful for micro-grid operators to make the most economical decisions.https://ijrtei.sbu.ac.ir/article_104744_6b7737e1d286fa66c546bdb19271aa9f.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityInternational Journal of Research and Technology in Electrical Industry2821-01903120240601A Literature Review on Bilateral Contracts in Electricity Markets; Perspectives and Challenges32733710473510.48308/ijrtei.2024.235791.1047ENMohammad MehdiAmiriElectrical Networks Research Institute (ENRI),Tehran, Iran0000-0002-4813-1849MohammadHeydarizadehIran Grid Management Company (IGMC), Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5661-7657RezaZarifiIran Grid Management Company (IGMC), Tehran, IranHamid RezaBagheriIran Grid Management Company (IGMC), Tehran, IranJournal Article20240222Academics and practitioners are becoming increasingly interested in the role and function of bilateral contracts in the complex and ever-evolving landscape of electricity markets. Bilateral contracts in the electricity sector involve two parties trading goods and services between themselves, which is accompanied by a unique set of advantages and challenges. A significant portion of energy transactions are governed by this distinctive form of contract, which serves as a mechanism for hedging against price volatility, ensuring supply security, as well as facilitating market stability. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art research and developments in bilateral contracts in the electricity market. In this paper, we discuss the importance of bilateral contracts in the future of electricity markets, how these contracts can be evaluated, how they contribute to market stability, and the challenges and perspectives associated with them. The purpose of this paper is to review new studies related to bilateral contracts, as well as to analyze and review the models used in these contracts. By emphasizing the technical, economic, and regulatory aspects of such contracts, this paper aims to direct researchers, policymakers, and participants toward effective decision-making.https://ijrtei.sbu.ac.ir/article_104735_c4f9bb9ed072137958cef4399be2a07c.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityInternational Journal of Research and Technology in Electrical Industry2821-01903120241026Design and Comparative Analysis of Multiple MIMO Controllers for a Half-Car Suspension System33834710500310.48308/ijrtei.2024.236572.1056ENAliakbarGhasemzadehDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Kharazmi University, Tehran, IranElhamAmini BoroujeniDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6762-477XJournal Article20240812This paper investigates the design of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) controllers for a half-car suspension system, aiming to enhance ride quality by minimizing displacement and angular deviations. The nonlinear equations describing the half-car model are derived, incorporating control inputs and road disturbances. The study explores centralized, decentralized, and semi-centralized (sequential) control strategies using proportional-integral (PI), proportional-integral-derivative (PID), and H_∞ robust control techniques. The centralized PI and H_∞ controllers are designed using Markov parameters and sensitivity weighting functions, respectively. In the decentralized approach, control designs involve inverse decoupling, state feedback decoupling, PID tuning against disturbances, and mixed-sensitivity H_∞ optimization. The semi-centralized strategy sequentially closes control loops using a PID architecture. Extensive simulations are conducted with step and road bump disturbance inputs applied to the closed-loop system. Controller performance is evaluated based on displacement suppression, control effort, settling time, and robustness to external shocks. The proposed decentralized H_∞ controller achieves superior vibration attenuation to the picometer level while exhibiting strong disturbance rejection capabilities. The comparative analysis underscores the advantages of the developed control schemes over existing solutions, contributing to enhanced passenger comfort in automotive suspension systems.https://ijrtei.sbu.ac.ir/article_105003_ace22970825e1fd18d31d9ad205b36cc.pdf